The Bhagavad Gita

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There is no definitive answer to the question of who composed the Bhagavad Gita. Some believe it has divine authorship; others attribute it to Vyasa, a sage credited with authoring both the Mahabharata, including the Bhagavad Gita. Most scholars believe that it is the work of multiple reciter-poets working in an oral tradition dating back to the eighth century BCE.

Krishna confronts Arjuna about his sudden despair, as Arjuna, paralyzed by grief, struggles to reconcile the psychological torment of fighting his own kin with the moral conflict between his duty as a warrior and his familial bonds. Krishna introduces the concept of the immortal soul, which transcends physical death, and emphasizes the necessity of fulfilling one’s inherent duties, even when imperfectly executed, over pursuing roles misaligned with one’s nature. He reveals his divine essence and the cyclical nature of his reincarnations to restore righteousness, urging selfless devotion as the path to liberation. Through a terrifying vision of his cosmic form, Krishna demonstrates his dual role as creator and destroyer, resolving Arjuna’s doubts by revealing that the battle’s outcome is already determined by divine will. Accepting his role as an instrument of this will, Arjuna resolves to fight. Krishna’s teachings on the “bondage of action” challenge the pursuit of desire-driven goals, advocating instead for selfless action detached from outcomes, enabling liberation from the cycle of karma and rebirth.

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