The Family Firm

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Emily Oster is an economist and author. Her research focuses on statistical techniques and health economics.Her research focuses on health economics and statistical methods. She is currently a professor at Brown University.

Deciding whether to work full-time is a complex question for parents, particularly mothers, as it impacts both children and parents in various ways. While data cannot measure happiness or the strength of parent-child bonds, it does provide insights into key areas like academics and health. Children of working mothers often show slight academic improvements, especially in low-income or minority families, though affluent families may see minor declines. Obesity risks are higher for children of full-time working parents, linked to less nutritious diets and more screen time. For mothers, balancing work and family often leads to stress and fatigue. Beyond employment, other factors like sleep, screen time, parenting styles, diet, sports, and school choices significantly shape children’s development. Adequate sleep is essential for academic success and emotional well-being, while excessive screen time can disrupt sleep and, in some cases, influence behavior. Parenting approaches, such as helicopter parenting, can boost academic performance but may hinder independence if overdone. Healthy eating habits, established early, tend to persist into adulthood, and consistent exposure to vegetables can encourage better dietary preferences. Sports offer fitness and long-term activity benefits but carry risks like concussions in certain disciplines. Finally, school quality, particularly the presence of excellent teachers and smaller class sizes, plays a crucial role in shaping a child’s future, with charter schools often showing academic advantages in lottery-based systems.

"Before the baby, you’re a vessel to be cherished and protected. After the baby, you’re a lactation-oriented baby accessory."

"Being pregnant was a lot like being a child again. There was always someone telling you what to do."

"Parenting is much more about the child than about the parent."

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