Long Walk to Freedom

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Nelson Mandela is among the most eminent political figures of the twentieth century. He was the icon of the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa, devoting his entire life to the cause. For his commitment to justice, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

While awaiting trial, Mandela and his comrades resolved to take their operations underground, recognizing the urgency of adapting the ANC’s strategies. Upon his release, Mandela pushed for decisive action, arguing in a confidential 1961 meeting that peaceful resistance had been exhausted and that the ANC must embrace violent methods. Despite the leadership’s official stance on non-violence, Mandela established Umkhonto we Siswe (MK), the ANC’s militant wing, focusing initially on sabotage to minimize harm while maximizing impact. Though inexperienced in armed conflict, Mandela immersed himself in studying guerrilla tactics and led the MK’s early operations, including attacks on government infrastructure. These efforts marked a turning point in the anti-apartheid struggle, as Mandela’s leadership and strategic vision laid the foundation for a more confrontational phase of resistance.

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