Rational Ritual

Résumé du livre

Michael Suk-Young Chwe is a professor of political science at University of California, Los Angeles, where he teaches game theory. He’s also the author of Jane Austen, Game Theorist.

Decisions about what to buy often depend on social coordination, where the value of a product increases with its adoption by others. This principle extends beyond practical items like fax machines to social goods such as beer, clothing, and movies, with advertisements—especially during widely viewed events like the Super Bowl—playing a critical role in creating shared awareness. Similarly, coordination issues arise in collective actions, such as protests, where participation depends on the belief that others will also join, highlighting the importance of common knowledge. This concept, exemplified by the distinction between CC and BCC email fields, is central to understanding how societal norms and authority are maintained. Ceremonies and symbols, like royal progresses or revolutionary rituals, establish shared understanding, while practical changes, such as adopting new measurements or road rules, further reinforce collective alignment. Social networks also reveal the power of strong connections in fostering common knowledge, crucial for coordinated actions, compared to weak connections, which excel at spreading information. Even seemingly logical coordination problems, like choosing which side of the road to drive on, rely on culturally rooted shared knowledge. The panopticon prison design, with its centralized, divided, and asymmetrical visibility, serves as a metaphor for authority, illustrating how surveillance and ritualistic displays of power suppress common knowledge and maintain control.

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