How to Run the World

Résumé du livre

Parag Khanna is a global strategist, theorist and the best-selling author of Connectography (2016) and Technocracy in America (2017). He’s an expert on future geopolitics, and a Senior Research Fellow at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore.

The world operates more like a chaotic mosh pit than a harmonious system, with diverse actors—nations, corporations, policymakers, and organizations—pursuing conflicting interests, leading to power struggles. Addressing this requires a new form of diplomacy, "Mega-Diplomacy," that unites these forces in collaborative networks. Historically, diplomacy evolved from ancient city-state negotiations to secretive dealings among elites, but modern challenges demand a broader, technology-driven approach involving non-state actors. Regional solutions, like those of the EU or ASEAN, show promise in managing localized conflicts, yet traditional diplomacy often falls short. Independent organizations, such as Independent Diplomat, exemplify innovative, crowdsourced diplomacy, free from bureaucratic constraints. Similarly, reimagining colonial principles could empower fragile states, focusing on rebuilding governance and fostering self-reliance rather than perpetuating dependency. Modern diplomacy now includes diverse players—activists, entrepreneurs, and NGOs—like Oxfam, which leverages influence to drive change. Proactivity and collaboration are vital, with diplomats partnering with specialists to craft effective policies. Resource-rich yet impoverished nations must adopt tailored strategies, focusing on specialization and public-private partnerships, as seen in Gulf states or India’s Tata Power. Meanwhile, foreign aid, though widespread, often fosters dependence, with countries like Burkina Faso relying heavily on external support. A shift toward addressing immediate needs—clean water, education, infrastructure—through direct, localized efforts is essential for sustainable development and long-term independence.

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